In a battle, a small group of Neanderthals was no match for a group of 150 Sapiens. They didn’t need to know every group member personally to trust them. Sapiens could form groups of up to 150 people. Trust is critical for social cooperation, and cooperation gives you an advantage in the struggle to survive and pass on your genes. We think of gossip as a bad thing, but using language to convey information about other people is a way to build trust. Ability #2: GossipĪ second distinction of the Sapiens language was its ability to convey gossip. This allowed them to plan and follow through on complex actions like avoiding predators and working together to trap prey.
#A BRIEF HISTORY OF HUMANKIND YUVAL NOAH HARARI PDF HOW TO#
Rather than communicating simple ideas the way green monkeys do (“Careful! A lion!” or “Careful! An eagle!”), the language of Sapiens could warn someone about a lion, describe its location, and plan how to deal with it. One reason the language of Sapiens was different was that it was more complex.
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The Cognitive Revolution involved the development of three new abilities, all related to language, that helped Homo sapiens outpace their fellow humans. Before that point, Sapiens weren’t particularly special and weren’t superior to the other seven human species. The first major revolution for Sapiens was the Cognitive Revolution 70,000 years ago. The Cognitive RevolutionĢ.5 million years ago, Homo sapiens was just one of eight human species.
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We’ll look at each revolution and how it dramatically redirected the course of human history. Our history is punctuated by four major revolutions: The Cognitive Revolution, the Agricultural Revolution, the Scientific Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. In Sapiens, Yuval Noah Harari uses concepts from physics, chemistry, biology, and history to tell the story of us, Homo sapiens. 1-Page Summary 1-Page Book Summary of Sapiens Fast Summary of Shortform's Guide to Sapiens